The visual (or other sensory) pictures used to render a description more vivid and immediate.Ī regularly repeating rhythm, divided for convenience into feet.Ī figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is commonly and often physically associated with it, e.g.
Poetry in which the rhythm does not repeat regularly. The basic unit of accentual-syllabic and quantitative meter, usually combining a stress with one or more unstressed syllables. Since the 17 th century, usually denotes a reflective poem that laments the loss of something or someone.Ī line that ends with a punctuation mark and whose meaning is complete.Ī "run-on" line that carries over into the next to complete its meaning. Word choice, specifically the "class" or "kind" of words chosen.
Heroic couplet: a rhymed iambic pentameter couplet. The climax can occur at any point in a poem, and can register on different levels, e.g. The high point the moment of greatest tension or intensity. That is, the parallel form a:b::a:b changes to a:b::b:a to become a chiasmus. (An audible pause at the end of a line is called an end-stop.) The French alexandrine, Anglo-Saxon alliterative meter, and Latin dactylic hexameter are all verse forms that call for a caesura.įrom the Greek letter Chi ( Χ ), a "crossed" rhetorical parallel. Narrative with two levels of meaning, one stated and one unstated.ĭirect address to an absent or otherwise unresponsive entity (someone or something dead, imaginary, abstract, or inanimate).ĭual, twofold, characterized by two parts.Īn audible pause internal to a line, usually in the middle. The repetition of sounds in a sequence of words. The repetition of a word or phrase, usually at the beginning of a line. Glossary of poetic terms ( Representative Poetry Online) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms The list is intended as a quick-reference guide and is by no means exhaustive similarly, the definitions given below aim for practical utility rather than completeness. Approaching the Poetria nova with a poet's eye expands the range and scope of likely influences on the treatise and, more importantly, deepens our appreciation for his remarkable commitment as a poet to the affective potential of transumptive language.This is a list of terms for describing texts, with an emphasis on terms that apply specifically to poetry, that appear most frequently in literary criticism, or for which dictionary definitions tend to be unenlightening. Only by recognizing the resonance of these images can we fully appreciate just how highly Geoffrey values transumptio. Thus, the Poetria nova leverages the spiritual significance of the images to make a decisively literary point about the wondrous power of subtle, transumptive language. Rather, peregrinatio and the nubes serena have a rich history in liturgical drama, biblical commentary, and iconography where they signify a kind of spiritual transport remarkably similar to Geoffrey's conception of transumptio in terms of process and quality.
The images are not original to Geoffrey, nor are they drawn from the discourse of formal rhetoric. When that meaning becomes clear to the reader, however, the recognition can be delightful, intoxicating, or even wondrously transporting. Both help him explain how transumptive language at first displaces or hides meaning beneath something that is deceptively ordinary. In describing its moving effects, Geoffrey uses the imagery of a pilgrimage ( peregrinatio) and of a "clear cloud" ( nubes serena). This study, therefore, focuses on two images in the section on ornatus graves, or weighty ornamentation, the category of figures defined by its reliance on transumptio. This imbalance in criticism limits our understanding of his ideas and the appeal they held for medieval poets. Geoffrey of Vinsauf's Poetria nova must be studied as a poem in its own right as thoroughly as it has been studied as a technical rhetorical treatise although many scholars have acknowledged the brilliance of his style, few analyses thereof exist.
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